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The RARγ Oncogene: An Achilles Heel for Some Cancers

Brown, Geoffrey and Petrie, Kevin (2021) The RARγ Oncogene: An Achilles Heel for Some Cancers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (7). e3632. ISSN 1422-0067

Item Type: Article

Abstract

Cancer “stem cells” (CSCs) sustain the hierarchies of dividing cells that characterize cancer. The main causes of cancer-related mortality are metastatic disease and relapse, both of which originate primarily from CSCs, so their eradication may provide a bona fide curative strategy, though there maybe also the need to kill the bulk cancer cells. While classic anti-cancer chemotherapy is effective against the dividing progeny of CSCs, non-dividing or quiescent CSCs are often spared. Improved anti-cancer therapies therefore require approaches that target non-dividing CSCs, which must be underpinned by a better understanding of factors that permit these cells to maintain a stem cell-like state. During hematopoiesis, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) γ is selectively expressed by stem cells and their immediate progeny. It is overexpressed in, and is an oncogene for, many cancers including colorectal, renal and hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinomas and some cases of acute myeloid leukemia that harbor RARγ fusion proteins. In vitro studies suggest that RARγ-selective and pan-RAR antagonists provoke the death of CSCs by necroptosis and point to antagonism of RARγ as a potential strategy to treat metastatic disease and relapse, and perhaps provide a cure for some cancers.

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Additional Information: ** From MDPI via Jisc Publications Router ** History: accepted 30-03-2021; pub-electronic 31-03-2021. ** Licence for this article: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Uncontrolled Keywords: retinoic acid receptor γ, oncogenes, leukemia, carcinoma, stem cells
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Identifiers

Item ID: 13341
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073632
ISSN: 1422-0067
URI: http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/13341
Official URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/7/3632

Users with ORCIDS

ORCID for Kevin Petrie: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-9152

Catalogue record

Date Deposited: 26 Apr 2021 15:50
Last Modified: 26 Apr 2021 16:00

Contributors

Author: Kevin Petrie ORCID iD
Author: Geoffrey Brown

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