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Pulse consumption improves indices of glycemic control in adults with and without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of acute and long-term randomized controlled trials

Hafiz, Maryam S., Campbell, Matthew, O’Mahoney, Lauren L., Holmes, Melvin, Orfila, Caroline and Boesch, Christine (2021) Pulse consumption improves indices of glycemic control in adults with and without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of acute and long-term randomized controlled trials. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207

Item Type: Article

Abstract

Purpose
Findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of pulse intake on glycemic control are inconsistent and conclusive evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to systematically review the impact of pulse consumption on post-prandial and long-term glycemic control in adults with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
Databases were searched for RCTs, reporting outcomes of post-prandial and long-term interventions with different pulse types on parameters of glycemic control in normoglycemic and T2D adults. Effect size (ES) was calculated using random effect model and meta-regression was conducted to assess the impact of various moderator variables such as pulse type, form, dose, and study duration on ES.

Results
From 3334 RCTs identified, 65 studies were eligible for inclusion involving 2102 individuals. In acute RCTs, pulse intake significantly reduced peak post-prandial glucose concentration in participants with T2D (ES  – 2.90; 95%CI  – 4.60,  – 1.21; p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 93%) and without T2D (ES  – 1.38; 95%CI  – 1.78,  – 0.99; p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 86%). Incorporating pulse consumption into long-term eating patterns significantly attenuated fasting glucose in normoglycemic adults (ES  – 0.06; 95%CI  – 0.12, 0.00; p ≤ 0.05; I2 = 30%). Whereas, in T2D participants, pulse intake significantly lowered fasting glucose (ES  – 0.54; 95%CI  – 0.83,  – 0.24; p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 78%), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (ES  – 0.17; 95%CI  – 0.33, 0.00; p ≤ 0.05; I2 = 78) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (ES  – 0.47; 95%CI  – 1.25,  – 0.31; p ≤ 0.05; I2 = 79%).

Conclusion
Pulse consumption significantly reduced acute post-prandial glucose concentration > 1 mmol/L in normoglycemic adults and > 2.5 mmol/L in those with T2D, and improved a range of long-term glycemic control parameters in adults with and without T2D.

PROSPERO registry number
(CRD42019162322).

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Depositing User: Leah Maughan

Identifiers

Item ID: 14095
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02685-y
ISSN: 1436-6207
URI: http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/14095
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02685-y

Users with ORCIDS

ORCID for Matthew Campbell: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-5041

Catalogue record

Date Deposited: 04 Oct 2021 14:03
Last Modified: 25 Jan 2022 08:50

Contributors

Author: Matthew Campbell ORCID iD
Author: Maryam S. Hafiz
Author: Lauren L. O’Mahoney
Author: Melvin Holmes
Author: Caroline Orfila
Author: Christine Boesch

University Divisions

Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing > School of Nursing and Health Sciences

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