Abstract

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of the draw beads on the crashworthiness of the aluminum tubes under axial quasi-static loading. Based on this design philosophy, a total of 12 beading tube designs with various configurations were developed. Within each design, the effect of arrangement bead form on the crashworthiness performance was also analysed. A finite element model, validated using experimental tests, was used to study the crashworthiness performance and progressive deformation of the tubes. Based on the results, a multi-criteria decision-making method known as Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was employed to determine the most suitable tube that features high energy absorption and low impact force. The best tube with a high score was selected to investigate the effect of bead formed direction on aluminum tubes. Consequently, the study identified a bead shape tubes configuration that exhibits superior crashworthiness and low impact force. The beading tube design methodology presented in this study allows the exploitation of variable shapes geometries for the development of high-efficiency energy-absorbing structures and their crushing behaviors.