Maintenance management in modern industry has become an increasingly important and complex activity, due to the enhanced use of automation within a manufacturing infrastructure. The significance of effective maintenance activities is compounded by the introduction of new technologies to further enhance competitiveness and profitability in the global marketplace. These new technologies may be classified by the term Industry 4.0 and have primarily been applied to production facilities. However, the agility of this technology allows applications which improve maintenance performance—yet the rate of implementation in this area is much reduced. This has been due to several reasons which include, amongst others, a return on investment; training; a lack of strategic planning and mistrust within the traditional workforce. This paper will review the different technologies associated with Industry 4 (I4.0) and discuss the benefits to manufacturing, in particular maintenance management, and the possible barriers and enablers to adopting certain aspects of I4.0 to create a smart factory to improve productivity through better maintenance. In addition, the paper will review the important change of perspective which has emerged with Industry 5.0 (I5.0), which acknowledges the importance of human centric and sustainable technology. Finally, this paper attempts to understand if this change in perspective will transform and increase the use of I4.0 technologies, by providing a platform which promotes organisational and societal improvement.

Keywords Industry 4.0 · Industry 5.0 · I4.0 Maintenance technology · I5.0 Maintenance technology · Decision led support system · Human centric · Sustainable · Ethical · Resilient