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Multicentre Genome Wide Association Study Identifies Risk Alleles for Progressive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia [Conference Abstract]

Allsup, David, Lin, Wei Yu, Fordham, Sarah Elizabeth, Sunter, Nicola, Elstob, Claire, Rahman, Thahira, Willmore, Elaine, Shepherd, Colin, Strathdee, Gordon, Barrow, Timothy, Mainou-Fowler, Tryfonia, Piddock, Rachel, Marr, Helen, Wallis, Jonathan P, Marshall, Scott R., Summerfield, Geoffery, Pettitt, Andrew, Pepper, Christopher, Fegan, Christopher, Forconi, Francesco, Dyer, Martin J.S., Jayne, Sandrine, Sellors, April, Schuh, Anna, Robbe, Pauline, Oscier, David, Houlston, Richard S., Bailey, James, Rais, Syed Ashar, Bentley, Alison, Cawkwell, Lynn, Hillmen, Peter, Pratt, Guy and Allan, James M. (2021) Multicentre Genome Wide Association Study Identifies Risk Alleles for Progressive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia [Conference Abstract]. Blood, 134 (S1). p. 1740. ISSN 0006-4971

Item Type: Article

Abstract

The increased incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in first-degree relatives of affected patients indicates an element of genetic susceptibility to this malignancy, borne out in large scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have identified over 40 constitutional risk alleles. Given the important genetic contribution to CLL susceptibility we hypothesized that constitutional genetic variants also affect disease progression. We employed GWAS methods in a large United Kingdom multi-center cohort study of well-characterized predominantly early-stage CLL cases to identify risk alleles for progressive CLL.
We conducted six GWAS for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associating with progressive CLL incorporating a total of 774 cases of European ancestry recruited to 6 clinical centers across the United Kingdom. CLL cases were genotyped on the Illumina OmniExpress platform and genotypes were determined using Illumina GenomeStudio software. After imputation, we combined the association test statistic for 5,199,911 autosomal SNPs common to all 6 GWAS after exclusion of those with an imputation quality score of <0.9 and a minor allele frequency (MAF) of < 2.5%, and conducted a meta-analysis under a fixed-effect model. The primary outcome assessed was time to first treatment (TTFT), defined as the interval between CLL diagnosis and first treatment or last follow-up.
Pooling data from the 6 GWAS identified 5 SNPs at two genomic locations that surpassed genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5 x 10-8) for association with TTFT. The strongest statistical evidence for an association with progressive disease was for rs736456 (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45-2.14; P = 1.26 x 10-8), which maps to chromosome 10q26.13. The second strongest association with progressive disease was for rs3778076 (HR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.58-2.62; P = 3.89 x 10-8) which maps to chromosome 6p. Both markers showed consistent direction and magnitude of effect sizes across all six GWAS with no evidence of heterogeneity, and retained prognostic significance in multivariate models for disease progression, particularly in models restricted to Binet A patients. Whilst not as powerful as IGVH status, rs736456 and rs3778076 had prognostic utility equivalent to CD38 status, and are particularly powerful when considered together, identifying 5% of CLL patients carrying 2 or more risk alleles at high risk of progressive disease (Figure).
To identify cis-regulated genes at each locus associated with progressive disease we interrogated gene expression data derived from a meta-analysis of 31,624 blood samples collated by the eQTLGen consortium. Of the thirteen genes annotated to within 1Mb of the chromosome 10 association signal rs736456 is eQTL for the PLEKHA1 gene (TAPP-1)(Benjamini-Hochberg corrected P-value [P
BH] = 1.29 x 10-15). Of the 27 genes annotated to within 1Mb of the chromosome 6 signal, rs3778076 is eQTL for 5 genes including UHRF1BP1 (PBH = 6.73 x 10-139) and C6ORF106 (PBH = 3.54 x 10-64). Annotated genes at both loci have been implicated in modulating B-cell receptor or innate immune responses, key pathways in CLL pathogenesis.
Data on post-treatment survival were available on 390 CLL cases, with 231 deaths and 159 censored at last follow-up, and neither the lead SNP at chromosome 10 or chromosome 6 were significantly associated with post-treatment survival in patients primarily treated with regimens that included chlorambucil, fludarabine or cyclophosphamide. It will be important to determine whether these markers predict overall survival in patients treated with novel targeted therapies.
Taken together, these data identify rs736456 and rs3778076 as prognostic in early stage CLL patients demonstrating that progression of CLL from asymptomatic to symptomatic disease is determined by constitutional genetic variation as well as the more established somatic drivers. Constitutional genetic markers have the advantage of being easy to perform, highly reproducible and inexpensive making them ideal for incorporation into multivariate prognostication models for early stage CLL.



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Disclosures

Fegan:
Roche: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Other: Conference attendance sponsorship. Forconi:
Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria; Menarini: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria. Schuh:
AbbVie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Verastem: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Kite: Speakers Bureau. Hillmen:
Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Expenses, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Expenses, Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Apellis: Research Funding; Acerta: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Pratt:
Binding Site, Amgen, Takeda, Janssen, Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel support.

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Additional Information: ** Article version: VoR ** From Elsevier via Jisc Publications Router ** History: issued 13-11-2019; epub 24-06-2021. ** Licence for VoR version of this article starting on 22-06-2021: http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/
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Identifiers

Item ID: 13656
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-122037
ISSN: 0006-4971
URI: http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/13656
Official URL: https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/134/Supp...

Users with ORCIDS

ORCID for Timothy Barrow: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-3857
ORCID for Christopher Pepper: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-8839
ORCID for Francesco Forconi: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-1831
ORCID for Anna Schuh: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-8490
ORCID for Richard S. Houlston: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-0242
ORCID for James Bailey: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8627

Catalogue record

Date Deposited: 13 Jul 2021 15:56
Last Modified: 20 Sep 2021 11:36

Contributors

Author: Timothy Barrow ORCID iD
Author: Christopher Pepper ORCID iD
Author: Francesco Forconi ORCID iD
Author: Anna Schuh ORCID iD
Author: Richard S. Houlston ORCID iD
Author: James Bailey ORCID iD
Author: David Allsup
Author: Wei Yu Lin
Author: Sarah Elizabeth Fordham
Author: Nicola Sunter
Author: Claire Elstob
Author: Thahira Rahman
Author: Elaine Willmore
Author: Colin Shepherd
Author: Gordon Strathdee
Author: Tryfonia Mainou-Fowler
Author: Rachel Piddock
Author: Helen Marr
Author: Jonathan P Wallis
Author: Scott R. Marshall
Author: Geoffery Summerfield
Author: Andrew Pettitt
Author: Christopher Fegan
Author: Martin J.S. Dyer
Author: Sandrine Jayne
Author: April Sellors
Author: Pauline Robbe
Author: David Oscier
Author: Syed Ashar Rais
Author: Alison Bentley
Author: Lynn Cawkwell
Author: Peter Hillmen
Author: Guy Pratt
Author: James M. Allan

University Divisions

Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing > School of Nursing and Health Sciences

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