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Nutritional and Exercise-Focused Lifestyle Interventions and Glycemic Control in Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Dingena, Cassy F, Arofikina, D, Campbell, Matthew and Holmes, MJ (2023) Nutritional and Exercise-Focused Lifestyle Interventions and Glycemic Control in Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 15 (2). ISSN 2072-6643

Item Type: Article

Abstract

Diabetes disrupts one in six pregnancies, bestowing immediate and long-term health risks to mother and child. Diet and exercise are commonly prescribed to control dysglycemia, but their effectiveness across sub-populations and types of diabetes (type-1; type-2; or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is uncertain. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of diet and/or exercise on glycemia in pregnant women with diabetes was conducted. Random effects models were used to evaluate effect sizes across studies and anticipated confounders (e.g., age, ethnicity, BMI). Of the 4845 records retrieved, 26 studies (8 nutritional supplements, 12 dietary, and 6 exercise interventions) were included. All studies were conducted in patients with GDM. Overall, supplement- and exercise-based interventions reduced fasting glucose (−0.30 mmol/L; 95% CI = −0.55, −0.06; p = 0.02; and 0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI = −0.20, −0.01; p = 0.04); and supplement- and diet-based interventions reduced HOMA-IR (−0.40; 95% CI = −0.58, −0.22; p < 0.001; and −1.15; 95% CI = −2.12, −0.17; p = 0.02). Subgroup analysis by confounders only confirmed marginal changed effect sizes. Our results suggest a favorable role of certain nutritional supplements, diet, and exercise practices on glycemia in women with GDM and underline a lack of evidence in ~20% of other diabetes-related pregnancies (i.e., women with pre-existing diabetes).

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Depositing User: Matthew Campbell

Identifiers

Item ID: 15626
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020323
ISSN: 2072-6643
URI: http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/15626
Official URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/2/323

Users with ORCIDS

ORCID for Cassy F Dingena: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-124X
ORCID for Matthew Campbell: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-5041
ORCID for MJ Holmes: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6819-1048

Catalogue record

Date Deposited: 10 Jan 2023 10:04
Last Modified: 10 Jan 2023 10:04

Contributors

Author: Cassy F Dingena ORCID iD
Author: Matthew Campbell ORCID iD
Author: MJ Holmes ORCID iD
Author: D Arofikina
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University Divisions

Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing > School of Nursing and Health Sciences

Subjects

Sciences > Biomedical Sciences
Sciences > Health Sciences

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