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Comparison of Analytical Methods for the Detection of Residual Crosslinker in Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Films.

Rashid, Fatimah, Childs, Stephen and Dodou, Kalliopi (2023) Comparison of Analytical Methods for the Detection of Residual Crosslinker in Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Films. Cosmetics, 10 (3). pp. 70-85. ISSN 2079-9284

Item Type: Article

Abstract

Cosmetic skincare products often consist of residual chemical ingredients which are by-products of the manufacturing process that may cause side effects such as skin irritation or allergic dermatitis; investigating the safety of these products to protect the consumer is an important part in the quality control of formulations intended for skin application. Acrylates are a type of polymer widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications as copolymers, emulsifiers, and cross-linkers. Due to the acrylates being strong skin irritants and sensitizers, it is essential to quantify the levels of residual acrylate monomers in the formulation; these levels must be within the accepted value to be safe. Our previously reported novel hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel films were formulated using pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PT) as the crosslinker. Therefore, it was crucial to analyze the residual PT in these hydrogel films. Gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used as analytical methods to detect the residual PT monomers in the HA hydrogel samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to investigate structural changes due to the PT monomers leaching out from the HA hydrogel films. The results from the GC method validation (linearity R² > 0.99, RSD for intra-day precision = 1.78%, inter-day precision = 2.52%, %recovery = 101.73%, %RSD = 1.59% for robustness, LOD, LOQ values 0.000032% m/m, 0.00013% m/m for sensitivity) revealed its suitability for such studies. NMR analysis results agreed with the GC results confirming the correct quantification of the extracted residual acrylate monomer. The maximum safe concentration of PT crosslinker in the formulation was determined to be 2.55% m/m.

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Additional Information: This is a research article from the ongoing PhD work of my research student, Fatimah Rashid. We included on the authors' list Dr Stephen Childs who assisted with the NMR part of this work.
Uncontrolled Keywords: cosmetics; hyaluronic acid; pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; hydrogels; GC; NMR; SEM; freeze-drying
Depositing User: Kalli Dodou

Identifiers

Item ID: 15958
Identification Number: doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10030070
ISSN: 2079-9284
URI: http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/15958
Official URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/10/3/70/html

Users with ORCIDS

ORCID for Stephen Childs: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-7140-7831
ORCID for Kalliopi Dodou: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2822-3543

Catalogue record

Date Deposited: 05 May 2023 13:35
Last Modified: 05 May 2023 13:35

Contributors

Author: Stephen Childs ORCID iD
Author: Kalliopi Dodou ORCID iD
Author: Fatimah Rashid

University Divisions

Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing > School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Subjects

Sciences > Chemistry
Sciences > Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Sciences

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