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Preliminary microbiological and chemical analysis of two historical stock ales from Victorian and Edwardian brewing

Thomas, Keith, Ironside, Kayleigh, Clark, Lisa and Bingle, Lewis (2021) Preliminary microbiological and chemical analysis of two historical stock ales from Victorian and Edwardian brewing. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 127. pp. 167-175. ISSN 2050-0416

Item Type: Article

Abstract

Historical beers are a valuable source of information on past brewing microbiology providing opportunity for analysis and isolation. Although rarely found intact and suffering variable degrees of deterioration they can contain living microbial cells and residues of chemical components indicating the character of the beers and their production processes. This report summarises preliminary analysis of two beers from Victorian and Edwardian times and provides an indication of their chemistry and microbiology. One beer, recovered from the 1895 Scottish shipwreck Wallachia, was a 7.5% ABV stout, the other an 11% ABV celebration King's Ale, a barley wine, brewed by Bass in 1902 for the visit of King Edward VII. Live yeast was isolated from both beers: Brettanomyces and Debaryomyces from the Wallachia stout and Saccharomyces from the Bass Ale. Ribosomal DNA amplicon sequencing indicated the presence of a wide range of microorganisms in both beers including lactobacilli and pediococci in the Wallachia beer and staphylococci in the Bass Ale. Both beers are likely to be in the category of stock ales of the time and would have been matured for a period before bottling. The presence of Brettanomyces bruxellensis in both beers confirms the understanding of this species as an important contributor to these beers but it is also interesting that Debaryomyces species are consistently present as a major component and that Saccharomyces are less prevalent.

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More Information

Uncontrolled Keywords: Historical beers; Wallachia; King’s Ale; Debaryomyces; Brettanomyces; ribosomal DNA sequencing
Depositing User: Lewis Bingle

Identifiers

Item ID: 16142
ISSN: 2050-0416
URI: http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/16142
Official URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/j...

Users with ORCIDS

ORCID for Keith Thomas: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-7522
ORCID for Lewis Bingle: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-5168-5167

Catalogue record

Date Deposited: 22 May 2023 12:01
Last Modified: 11 Jul 2023 08:01

Contributors

Author: Keith Thomas ORCID iD
Author: Lewis Bingle ORCID iD
Author: Kayleigh Ironside
Author: Lisa Clark

University Divisions

Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing

Subjects

Sciences > Biomedical Sciences
Sciences > Chemistry
Sciences > Environment
Sciences

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