The Applicants, Mr Anwar and Ms Harvey, operated Fantasy Worlds Escorts (FWE) agency in London, Ontario, Canada. They were charged with the following offences under the Canadian Criminal Code relating to the commodification of sexual activity: receiving a financial or material benefit from prostitution contrary to s 286.2(1), procuring a person to offer or provide sexual services for consideration contrary to s 286.3(1) and knowingly advertising an offer to provide sexual services for consideration contrary to s 286.4. The pair challenged the charges on the basis that they were in contravention of the Canadian constitution, specifically the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as the laws in question prevented sex workers from lawfully using third parties to protect them and to prevent them from forming associations in order to create a system of mutual protection. As the provisions targeted sex workers and prevented them from accessing things that are natural, expected and encouraged in other sectors of work, the Applicants argued that the existing prostitution laws denied sex workers, who are in particular need of protection, the benefits accorded to mainstream labour.