Abstract

Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) demands advanced clinical reasoning, yet traditional teaching often falls short. Virtual Reality 360° (VR360) technology offers immersive learning that may strengthen competence in dementia care. This study explored whether occupational therapy (OT) students' reasoning improved after a VR360 module addressing BPSD such as hoarding, wandering, low mood and daily living challenges. Sixty students (35 female, 25 male; undergraduate and postgraduate) participated. Using a mixed-methods, single-group pre-post design, students completed the Clinical Reasoning Assessment Tool before and after four VR360 scenarios. Large improvements emerged across domains: content (d = 1.94), procedural (d = 2.11) and conceptual (d = 2.08). Qualitative themes highlighted confidence, cue recognition, empathy and personalised care. Findings suggest VR360 is feasible and effective for OT education.