This chapter provides a comprehensive review of competency-based teaching and learning in Sport and Exercise Science (SES). We begin by exploring the theoretical foundations of competency-based education (CBE) and its relevance to SES education. We will cover practical applications, including degree accreditation examples, the implementation of entrustable professional activities (EPAs), and CBE in SES. Through reviewing current practices, we will examine how competency-based frameworks can be effectively integrated into SES education. The chapter concludes with reflections on how CBE enhances learners’ outcomes and preparedness for professional practice, offering insights for educators seeking to implement or refine competency-based approaches in their teaching practice.