Hase, Yoshiki, Polvikoski, Tuomo M., Ihara, Masafumi, Hase, Mai, Zafar, Rayyan, Stevenson, William, Allan, Louise M., Ennaceur, Abdelkader, Horsburgh, Karen, Gallart‐Palau, Xavier, Siu, Kwan Sze and Kalaria, Raj N (2019) Carotid Artery Disease in Post-Stroke Survivors and Effects of Enriched Environment on Stroke Pathology in a Mouse Model of Carotid Artery Stenosis. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 45 (7). pp. 681-697. ISSN 1365-2990
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AE Carotid artery disease in post-stroke survivors and effects of enriched environment.pdf - Accepted Version
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Abstract
Abstract
AIMS:
Carotid artery disease (CAD) is an important risk factor for stroke. We first evaluated CAD and stroke pathology in elderly post-stroke survivors. To simulate CAD, we assessed long-term consequences of bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) in mice and exposed them to environmental enrichment (EE).
METHODS:
Histopathological methods were used to determine degrees of CAD (% area stenosis), brain infarct types, sizes and distribution in post-stroke survivors and BCAS mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice after BCAS or sham surgery were randomly assigned to standard housing (Std) or limited (3hrs) or full-time (Full) exposure to EE per day for 12 weeks.
RESULTS:
High frequencies of moderate carotid artery stenosis (51-75%) were evident in post-stroke survivors whereas those with severe CAD (>75% stenosis) exhibited greater numbers of cortical rather than subcortical infarcts and, were at higher risk of developing dementia. BCAS in mice reduced cerebral blood flow by 52% (P<0.01) and thickened carotid artery walls, regardless of EE duration. Remarkably, the total and cortical infarcts declined by >50% in BCAS mice exposed to EE compared with BCAS-Std (P<0.01). Frontal lobe and cortical strokes were associated with worsening working memory tested in a radial maze paradigm. Proteomic analysis revealed EE, both BCAS-3hrs and BCAS-Full attenuated coagulation cascade factors including fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, markers of blood-brain barrier damage.
CONCLUSION:
Small cortical and subcortical infarcts were evident in both post-stroke survivors with CAD and BCAS mice. Experimental evidence suggested that moderate exposure to EE is sufficient to reduce subsequent stroke lesions.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Related URLs: | |
| Depositing User: | Abdelkader Ennaceur |
| URI: | https://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/10665 |
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