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Investigating inequality in childhood immunization coverage in Ethiopia using Lorenz curve derived Gini-coefficients

Gebresilasie, Wondu, Mooney, John and Ling, Jonathan (2019) Investigating inequality in childhood immunization coverage in Ethiopia using Lorenz curve derived Gini-coefficients. In: WSPID 2019, 5-8 November, Manila. (Unpublished)

Item Type: Conference or Workshop Item (Poster)

Abstract

Background: Inequitable access to vaccinations contributes to significant social gradients in health outcomes for developing countries. In Ethiopia, where poor child health status arises mainly from preventable diseases, childhood immunization programs based on the WHO guidelines have been operational since 1988.
Aims: We examined whether there was any evidence of socio-economic inequality in Ethiopian childhood vaccination coverage at three survey time-points of 2005, 2011 and 2016 and the extent of any trends or changes over the same time period.

Methods: The distribution of childhood immunization coverage was analyzed according to economic status using Lorenz curve derived Gini-coefficients on Ethiopia’s Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data from 2005, 2011 and 2016. Specifically, fully immunized status was analyzed according to household income quintile.

Results: Gini-coefficients for fully immunized for the three survey years of 2005, 2011 and 2016 were 0.25, 0.29 and 0.24 respectively. While these values remain just within the margin of preferred equality status of below 0.3, they are at the margin of equality status and variable over time. Visual inspection of the Lorenz curve plots shows clear departures from perfect equality.

Conclusion: While WHO decreed inequality ‘alert levels’ were not exceeded in any of the survey years analyzed, the clear and variable social gradient for fully vaccinated status merits close ongoing monitoring, given the risks of highly infectious childhood diseases. More generally, the combined use of Gini-coefficients and Lorenz curve plots is a powerful tool to interrogate vaccination coverage variability by social group.

Keywords: -Ethiopia, Childhood immunization coverage, inequality, household income status, Gini Coefficient, Lorenz Curve

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Depositing User: John Mooney

Identifiers

Item ID: 11273
URI: http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/11273

Users with ORCIDS

ORCID for John Mooney: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-8491
ORCID for Jonathan Ling: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-4474

Catalogue record

Date Deposited: 29 Oct 2019 09:50
Last Modified: 20 Jan 2023 10:08

Contributors

Author: John Mooney ORCID iD
Author: Jonathan Ling ORCID iD
Author: Wondu Gebresilasie

University Divisions

Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing
Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing > School of Nursing and Health Sciences

Subjects

Sciences > Health Sciences

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